Long-term efficacy and immunogenicity of the human papillomavirus vaccine

Objective: Infection with various types of HPV has a causal relationship with thedevelopment of cervical cancer and other anogenital diseases. A prophylactic quadrivalent HPVvaccination has been produced. Here the pathophysiology of HPV infection and results ofmultiple HPV vaccine studies are discussed to determine efficacy and immunogenicity.Methods: The review includes articles found through PubMed and MEDLINE that focus on theinfection with human papillomavirus, cervical cancer, and the HPV vaccine. Results: An HPVvaccine has effectively been produced that has proven to decrease the incidence of cervicalcancer and other anogenital diseases. The vaccine has been approved for use in women betweenthe ages of 9 and 26 years of age for prevention of anogenital pathology. Five year follow-upstudies of the vaccine have shown long-term efficacy and the induction of an immune memoryresponse. Conclusion: Studies to date have shown that the HPV vaccine is effective in reducingcervical cancer but it is still too early to know the full extent of vaccine efficacy. Future studiesare necessary to continue monitoring the vaccine. In the meantime it is essential to maintaincurrent cervical screening programs and promote patient education.